Exercise 2 - Vector data via OGC API - Features

OGC API - Features provides a Web API to access vector data (geometries and their attributes). While the core specification covers basic data access and query, additional related standards and extensions are in development for the following capabilities:

OGC API - Features - Part 1: Core provides basic access and query capabilities
OGC API - Features - Part 2: Coordinate Reference Systems by Reference enables the import and export of any data according to dedicated projections
OGC API - Features - Part 3: Filtering (draft) adds the ability for complex queries using Common Query Language (CQL)
OGC API - Features - Part 4: Create, Replace, Update and Delete (draft) adds transactional capabilities

pygeoapi support

pygeoapi supports the core OGC API - Features specification as well as Part 3 for some backends (Elasticsearch).

Note

See the official documentation for more information on supported vector backends

Note

See the official documentation for more information on CQL support

Publish a vector dataset

In the previous section we demonstrated the steps involved to add a dataset to pygeoapi and update the configuration. In this excercise we are going to publish another vector file, this time from a GeoPackage (SQLite3) data source.

Tip

It may be helpful to open the dataset in QGIS while adding and updating your pygeoapi server to easily evaluate table attributes, names, spatial properties and CRS.

Let's add the file workshop/exercises/data/firenze_terrains.gpkg.zip:

cd workshop/exercises/data
unzip firenze_terrains.gpkg.zip

Update the pygeoapi configuration

Open the pygeoapi configuration in a text editor. Add a new dataset section as follows:

firenze-terrains:
    type: collection 
    title: Administrative boundaries before 2014
    description: Cadastral parcels (terrains) from the cadastre. Territory Agency; SIT and Information Networks;
    keywords:  
        - Cadastral parcels
    links:
        - type: text/html
          rel: canonical  
          title: Administrative boundaries before 2014
          href: http://dati.cittametropolitana.fi.it/geonetwork/srv/metadata/cmfi:c539d359-4387-4f83-a6f4-cd546b3d8443
          hreflang: it
    extents:
        spatial: 
            bbox: [11.23,43.75,11.28,43.78] 
            crs: http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84
    providers:
        - type: feature
          name: SQLiteGPKG
          data: /data/firenze_terrains.gpkg # place correct path here
          id_field: fid
          title_field: codbo
          table: firenze_terrains

Save the file and restart docker compose. Navigate to http://localhost:5000/collections to evaluate whether the new dataset has been published.

Note

The SQLite driver incidentally has challenges to open the GeoPackage extension on MacOS. Consult the official documentation or try with an alternative data format.

pygeoapi as a WFS proxy

An interesting use case for pygeoapi is to provide OGC API - Features interface over existing Web Feature Service (WFS) or ESRI FeatureServer endpoints. In this scenario you lower the barrier and increase the usability of existing services to a wider audience. Let's set up an API on top of an existing WFS hosted by the city of Florence.

Update the pygeoapi configuration

Open the pygeoapi configuration in a text editor. Add a new dataset section as follows:

suol_epicentri_storici:
    type: collection 
    title: Epicenters of the main historical earthquakes
    description: Location of the epicenters of the main historical earthquakes in the territory of the Metropolitan City of Florence classified by year and intensity
    keywords:  
        - earthquakes
    links:
        - type: text/xml
          rel: canonical  
          title: Epicenters of the main historical earthquakes
          href: http://pubblicazioni.cittametropolitana.fi.it/geoserver/territorio/wfs?request=getCapabilities&service=WFS&version=2.0.0
          hreflang: it
    extents:
        spatial: 
            bbox: [10.94, 43.52, 11.65, 44.17] 
            crs: http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84
    providers:
        - type: feature
          name: OGR
          data:
              source_type: WFS
              source: WFS:http://pubblicazioni.cittametropolitana.fi.it/geoserver/territorio/wfs?
              source_srs: EPSG:3003
              target_srs: EPSG:4326
              source_capabilities:
                  paging: True
              source_options:
                  OGR_WFS_LOAD_MULTIPLE_LAYER_DEFN: NO
              gdal_ogr_options:
                  EMPTY_AS_NULL: NO
                  GDAL_CACHEMAX: 64
                  CPL_DEBUG: NO
          id_field: cpti_id
          title_field: d
          layer: territorio:suol_epicentri_storici

Save the file and restart docker compose. Navigate to http://localhost:5000/collections to evaluate whether the new dataset has been published.

Client access

QGIS

QGIS is one of the first GIS Desktop clients which added support for OGC API - Features. Support has been integrated into the existing WFS provider.

Open an OGC API - Features collection in QGIS

Follow the steps to add some collections from an OGC API - Features enpoint:

Open QGIS (if you don't have QGIS, you can use OSGeoLive)
From the Layer menu, select Add Layer > Add WFS layer
From the Data source manager panel, choose 'New connection'

New connection

Add the URL https://demo.pygeoapi.io/master (or the address of a local server)
You can now click the detect button and QGIS will notice you are configuring an OGC API - Features endpoint
QGIS facilitates to set page size (request is split in multiple requests)
- for points you can easily set it to 2500
- for some polygons with high density, 100 can already be slow
Press OK to save the connection and return to the previous screen
Now click the Connect button to retireve the collections of the service

Collection list

You can now add collections to your QGIS project
You can also build a query to add a subset of the collection
Close the Data source manager. Notice that QGIS applied a default styling just like it would if you add a file based layer. You can work with the collection in a similar way; identify, apply styling, filter, export, etc.

Tip

Install and activate the QGIS Network Logger extension. It will display HTTP traffice within QGIS and is a valuable tool in debugging failing connections.

Note

An increasing number of GIS Desktop clients add support for OGC API's in subsequent releases. For example ArcGIS Pro supports OGC API - Features since release 2.8.

GDAL/OGR

GDAL/OGR provides support for OGC API - Features. This means you can use ogrinfo, ogr2ogr to query and convert data from OGC API - Features endpoints just like any other vector data source. This also means you can make connections to OGC API - Features endpoints from any software which has an interface to GDAL, such as MapServer, GeoServer, Manifold, FME, ArcGIS, etc.

Use OGR to interact with OGC API - Features

Verify you have a recent GDAL installed, else use GDAL from OSGeoLive
Run ogrinfo on the command line to verify a connection to OGC API - Features

ogrinfo OAPIF:https://demo.pygeoapi.io/master/collections/obs

Now, let's convert the observations into a shapefile

ogr2ogr -f "ESRI Shapefile" obs.shp OAPIF:https://demo.pygeoapi.io/master/collections/obs

Note

You can even use OGR to append new features to an OGC API - Features collection which supports transactions (pygeoapi transaction support is planned for future implementation)

OWSLib

OWSLib is a Python library to interact with OGC Web Services and supports a number of OGC APIs including OGC API - Features.

Interact with OGC API - Features via OWSLib

If you do not have Python installed, consider running this exercise in a Docker container or in a cloud environment.

pip3 install owslib

Then start a Python console session with: python (stop the session by typing exit()).

>>> from owslib.ogcapi.features import Features
>>> w = Features('https://demo.pygeoapi.io/master')
>>> w.url
'https://demo.pygeoapi.io/master'
>>> conformance = w.conformance()
{u'conformsTo': [u'http://www.opengis.net/spec/ogcapi-features-1/1.0/conf/core', u'http://www.opengis.net/spec/ogcapi-features-1/1.0/conf/oas30', u'http://www.opengis.net/spec/ogcapi-features-1/1.0/conf/html', u'http://www.opengis.net/spec/ogcapi-features-1/1.0/conf/geojson']}
>>> api = w.api()  # OpenAPI document/
>>> collections = w.collections()
>>> len(collections['collections'])
13
>>> feature_collections = w.feature_collections()
>>> len(feature_collections)
13
>>> lakes = w.collection('lakes')
>>> lakes['id']
'lakes'
>>> lakes['title']
'Large Lakes'
>>> lakes['description']
'lakes of the world, public domain'
>>> lakes_queryables = w.collection_queryables('lakes')
>>> len(lakes_queryables['queryables'])
6
>>> lakes_query = w.collection_items('lakes')
>>> lakes_query['features'][0]['properties']
{u'scalerank': 0, u'name_alt': None, u'admin': None, u'featureclass': u'Lake', u'id': 0, u'name': u'Lake Baikal'}

Note

See the official OWSLib documentation for more examples.

Summary

Congratulations! You are now able to publish vector data to pygeoapi.